- Herbal Names & Doses
- Substitutions
- Processing Information
| Pin yin | Latin | Chinese | Dose | Alt Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ai Ye (sheng) | Folium Artemisiae Argyi | 艾叶 | 3 – 10 | |
| Ba Ji Tian (Zhi) | Radix Morindae Officinalis | 巴戟天 | 10 – 15 | |
| Ba Jiao Hui Xiang | Fructus Anisi Stellati | 八角茴香 | 3 – 8 | |
| Bai Bian Dou (Chao) | Semen Lablab Album Tosum | 炒白扁豆 | 3 – 6 | |
| Bai Bu | Radix Stemonae | 百部（对叶百部） | 5 – 10 | |
| Bai Dou Kou | Fructus Amomi Rotundus | 白豆蔻 | 3 – 6 | |
| Bai Guo | Semen Ginkgo | 白果 | 1.5 – 9 | |
| Bai He | Bulbus Lilii | 百合（卷丹） | 10 – 30 | |
| Bai Hua She She Cao | Herba Hedyotidis | 白花蛇舌草 | 15 – 60 | |
| Bai Ji Li | Fructus Tribuli | 蒺藜 | 6 – 10 | |
| Bai Ji Li (Chao) | Fructus Tribuli Tosum | 炒蒺藜 | 6 – 10 | |
| Bai Jiang Cao | Herba Patriniae Villosae | 败酱草（黄花败酱） | 6 – 15 | |
| Bai Jie (Chao) | Fructus Tribuli Tostus | 白芥子（炒） | 6 – 10 | |
| Bai Lian | Radix Ampelopsis | 白蔹 | 5 – 10 | |
| Bai Mao Gen | Rhizoma Imperatae | 白茅根 | 15 – 30 | |
| Bai Qian | Rhizoma Et Radix Cynanchi Stauntonii | 白前（柳叶白前） | 3 – 10 | |
| Bai Shao | Radix Paeoniae Alba | 白芍 | 5 – 10 | |
| Bai Shao (Jiu) | Radix Paeoniae Alba | 酒白芍 | 5 – 10 | |
| Bai Tou Weng | Radix Pulsatillae | 白头翁 | 6 – 15 | |
| Bai Wei | Radix Et Rhizoma Cynanchi Atrati | 白薇（白薇） | 3 – 12 | |
| Bai Xian Pi | Cortex Dictamni | 白鲜皮 | 5 – 10 | |
| Bai Zhi | Radix Angelicae Dahuricae | 白芷（白芷） | 3 – 10 | |
| Bai Zhu (Fu Chao) | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae | 麸炒白术 | 5 – 15 | |
| Bai Zhu (Sheng) | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae | 白术 | 5 – 15 | |
| Bai Zi Ren | Semen Platycladi | 柏子仁 | 10 – 18 | |
| Ban Bian Lian | Herba Lobeliae Chinensis | 半边莲 | 10 – 20 | |
| Ban Lan Gen | Radix Isatidis | 板蓝根 | 10 – 15 | |
| Ban Xia (Fa) | Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum | 法半夏 | 5 – 10 | |
| Ban Xia (Jiang) | Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum | 姜半夏 | 5 – 10 | |
| Ban Xia (Qing) | Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine | 清半夏 | 5 – 10 | |
| Ban Zhi Lian | Herba Scutellariae Barbatae | 半枝莲 | 10 – 30 | |
| Bei Sha Shen | Radix Glehniae | 北沙参 | 10 – 15 | |
| Bi Xie (Mian) | Dioscoreae Spongiosae Rhizoma | 绵萆薢（绵萆薢） | 10 – 15 | |
| Bian Xu | Herba Polygoni Avicularis | 萹蓄 | 10 – 15 | |
| Bo He | Menthae Hplocalycis Herba | 薄荷 | 2 – 10 | |
| Bu Gu Zhi (Yan) | Fructus Psoraleae | 盐补骨脂 | 5 – 10 | |
| Cang Er Zi | Fructus Xanthii | 苍耳子 | 3 – 10 | |
| Cang Zhu | Rhizoma Atractylodis | 苍术（北苍术） | 5 – 10 | |
| Cang Zhu (Fu Chao) | Rhizoma Atractylodis | 麸炒苍术（北苍术） | 5 – 10 | |
| Cao Dou Kou | Semen Alpiniae Katsumadai | 草豆蔻 | 3 – 6 | |
| Ce Bai tan | Cacumen Platycladi | 侧柏炭 | 10 – 15 | |
| Ce Bai Ye (Sheng) | Cacumen Platycladi | 侧柏叶 | 10 – 15 | |
| Chai Hu (Bei) | Radix Bupleuri | 北柴胡 | 3 – 10 | |
| Che Qian Cao | Herba Plantaginis | 车前草（车前） | 5 – 10 | |
| Che Qian Zi (Yan) | Semen Plantaginis | 盐车前子（车前） | 5 – 10 | |
| Chen Pi | Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae | 陈皮 | 3 – 9 | |
| Chen Xiang | Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum | 沉香 | 1 – 1.5 | |
| Chi Fu Ling | Poria Rubra | 赤茯苓 | 9 – 15 | |
| Chi Shao | Radix Paeoniae Rubra | 赤芍（芍药） | 6 – 15 | |
| Chi Xiao Dou | Vignae Semen | 赤小豆（赤小豆） | 10 – 30 | |
| Chong Lou | Rhizoma Paridis | 重楼（云南重楼） | 5 – 10 | |
| Chong Wei Zi | Fructus Leonur | 茺蔚子 | 6 – 15 | |
| Chu Shi Zi | Fructus Broussonetiae | 楮实子 | 6 – 15 | |
| Chuan Bei Mu | Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae | 川贝母 | 3 – 10 | |
| Chuan Lian Zi | Fructus Toosendan | 川楝子 | 3 – 10 | |
| Chuan Lian Zi (Chao) | Fructus Toosendan Tosum | 炒川楝子 | 3 – 10 | |
| Chuan Niu Xi | Radix Cyathulae | 川牛膝 | 10 – 15 | |
| Chuan Xin Lian | Herba Andrographis | 穿心莲 | 6 – 15 | |
| Chuan Xiong | Rhizoma Chuanxiong | 川芎 | 3 – 10 | |
| Chun Pi (Fu Chao) | Ailanthis Cortex Praep | 麸炒椿皮 | 3 – 5 | |
| Ci Wu Jia | Radix Et Rhizoma Seu Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi | 刺五加 | 9 – 27 | |
| Da Huang | Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei | 大黄（药用大黄） | 5 – 10 | |
| Da Huang (Jiu) | Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei | 酒大黄（药用大黄） | 5 – 10 | |
| Da Huang（Hou Xia) | Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei | 大黄(后下) | 5 – 10 | |
| Da Ji | Herba Cirsii Japonici | 大蓟 | 1.5 – 3 | |
| Da Qing Ye | Folium Isatidis | 大青叶 | 10 – 20 | |
| Da Zao | Fructus Jujubae | 大枣 | 10 – 30 | |
| Dan Dou Chi | Semen Sojae Praeparatum | 淡豆豉 | 10 – 15 | |
| Dan Shen | Radix Et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae | 丹参 | 5 – 10 | |
| Dan Zhu Ye | Herba Lophatheri | 淡竹叶 | 6 – 15 | |
| Dang Gui | Radix Angelicae Sinensis | 当归 | 5 – 15 | |
| Dang Shen | Radix Codonopsis | 党参（党参） | 6 – 10 | |
| Deng Xin Cao | Medulla Junci | 灯心草 | 1.5 – 2.5 | |
| Di Fu Zi | Fructus Kochiae | 地肤子 | 10 – 15 | |
| Di Gu Pi | Cortex Lycii Radicis | 地骨皮（枸杞） | 6 – 15 | |
| Di Yu (Sheng) | Radix Sanguisorbae Recens | 地榆（地榆） | 10 – 15 | |
| Di Yu (Tan) | Radix Sanguisorbae Carbonisata | 地榆炭（地榆） | 10 – 15 | |
| Ding Xiang | Flos Caryophylli | 丁香 | 2 – 5 | |
| Dong Gua Pi | Exocarpium Benincasae | 冬瓜皮 | 15 – 30 | |
| Dong Gua Zi (Chao) | Semen Benincasae Tostum | 炒冬瓜子 | 10 – 15 | |
| Dong Kui Zi | Malvae semen | 冬葵子 | 10 -15 | |
| Dou Kou | Fructus Amomi Rotundus | 豆蔻 | 3 – 6 | |
| Du Huo | Radix Angelicae Pubescentis | 独活 | 3 – 10 | |
| Du Zhong (Sheng) | Cortex Eucommiae | 杜仲 | 10 – 15 | |
| Du Zhong (Yan) | Cortex Eucommiae | 盐杜仲 | 10 – 15 | |
| E Bu Shi Cao | Herba Centipedae | 鹅不食草 | 3 – 9 | |
| E Zhu (Cu) | Rhizoma Curcumae | 醋莪术（广西莪术） | 3 – 10 | |
| Fan Xie Ye | Folium Sennae | 番泻叶 | 1.5 – 3 | |
| Fang Feng | Radix Saposhnikoviae | 防风 | 3 – 10 | |
| Fo Shou | Fructus Citri Sarcodactylis | 佛手 | 3 – 10 | |
| Fu Ling | Poria | 茯苓 | 10 – 15 | |
| Fu Ling Pi | Poria skin | 茯苓皮 | 10 – 15 | |
| Fu Pen Zi | Fructus Rubi | 覆盆子 | 3 – 10 | |
| Fu Ping | Herba Spirodelae | 浮萍 | 3 – 10 | |
| Fu Shen | Poria cum Radix Pini | 茯神 | 3 – 10 | |
| Fu Xiao Mai | Fructus Tritici Levis | 浮小麦 | 15 – 30 | |
| Gan Cao (Sheng) | Radix Et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | 甘草（甘草） | 3 – 10 | |
| Gan Cao (Zhi) | Radix Et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae Prep. | 炙甘草（甘草） | 3 – 10 | |
| Gan Jiang | Rhizoma Zingiberis | 干姜 | 3 – 10 | |
| Gao Ben | Rhizoma et Radix Ligustici | 藁本（辽藁本） | 3 – 10 | |
| Ge Gen | Radix Puerariae Lobatae | 葛根 | 10 – 20 | |
| Gong Lao Ye | Folium Mahoniae | 功劳叶 | 10 – 30 | |
| Gou Qi Zi | Fructus Lycii | 枸杞子 | 5 – 15 | |
| Gou Teng | Ramulus Uncariae Cum Uncis | 钩藤（钩藤） | 10 – 15 | |
| Gu Jing Cao | Flos Eriocauli | 谷精草 | 6 – 10 | |
| Gu Sui Bu (Tang) | Rhizoma Drynariae | 烫骨碎补 | 10 – 20 | |
| Gu Ya (Sheng) | Fructus Germinatus Setariae Recens | 焦谷芽 | 10 – 15 | |
| Gua Lou | Fructus Trichosanthis | 瓜蒌（栝楼） | 10 – 20 | |
| Gua Lou Zi | Semen Trichosanthis | 瓜蒌皮（栝楼） | 10 – 15 | |
| Guan Zhong (Mian Ma) | Rhizoma Dryopteridis Crassirhizomae | 绵马贯众 | 10 – 15 | |
| Gui Jian Yu | Ramulus Euonymi Alati | 鬼箭羽 | 3 – 9 | |
| Gui Zhi | Ramulus Cinnamomi | 桂枝 | 5 – 10 | |
| Hai Feng Teng | Caulis Piperis Kadsurae | 海风藤 | 5 – 10 | |
| Hai Jin Sha | Spora Lygodii | 海金沙 | 6 – 15 | |
| Hai Tong Pi | Cortex Zanthoxyli Ailanthoidis | 海桐皮 | 6 – 12 | |
| Hai Zao | Sargassum | 海藻 | 10 – 15 | |
| Han Lian Cao | Herba Ecliptae | 墨旱莲 | 10 – 30 | |
| He Huan Hua | Flos Albiziae | 合欢花（合欢花） | 10 – 15 | |
| He Huan Pi | Cortex Albizziae | 合欢皮 | 10 – 15 | |
| He Shou Wu (Sheng) | Radix Polygoni Multiflori | 何首乌 | 10 – 30 | |
| He Shou Wu (Zhi) | Polygoni Multiflori Radix Prep. | 制何首乌 | 10 – 30 | |
| He Ye | Folium Nelumbinis | 荷叶 | 3 – 9 | |
| He Zi | Fructus Terminaliae | 诃子（诃子） | 3 – 10 | |
| Hei Zhi Ma | Semen Sesami Nigrum | 黑芝麻 | 10 -30 | |
| Hong Hua | Flos Carthami | 红花 | 3 – 10 | |
| Hong Jing Tian | Radix Rhodiolae Crenulate | 红景天 | 3 – 10 | |
| Hong Shen | Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng Rubra | 红参 | 5 – 10 | |
| Hong Teng | Caulis Sargentodoxae | 大血藤 | 10 – 15 | |
| Hou Po (Jiang) | Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis | 厚朴（厚朴） | 5 – 10 | |
| Hu Huang Lian | Rhizoma Picrorhizae | 胡黄连 | 3 – 10 | |
| Hu Lu Ba | Semen Trigonellae | 葫芦巴 | 3 – 10 | |
| Hu Po | Succinum | 琥珀 | 1.5 – 3 | |
| Hu Zhang | Rhizoma Et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati | 虎杖 | 10 – 30 | |
| Hua Jiao | Pericarpium Zanthoxyli | 花椒 | 2 – 3 | |
| Huai Hua (Chao) | Flos Sophorae Tosum | 炒槐花 | 10 – 15 | |
| Huai Hua (Sheng) | Flos Sophorae Recens | 槐花（槐花） | 10 – 15 | |
| Huai Jiao | Fructus Sophorae | 槐角 | 10 – 15 | |
| Huang Bai | Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis | 黄柏 | 3 – 10 | |
| Huang Jing (Jiu) | Rhizoma Polygonati | 酒黄精（多花黄精） | 10 – 15 | |
| Huang Lian | Rhizoma Coptidis | 黄连（黄连） | 2 – 10 | |
| Huang Qi (Sheng) | Radix Astragali | 黄芪（蒙古黄芪） | 10 -15 | |
| Huang Qi (Zhi) | Radix Astragali Prep. | 炙黄芪 | 10 – 15 | |
| Huang Qin | Radix Scutellariae | 黄芩 | 3 – 10 | |
| Huang Yao Zi | Xanthogonia | 黄药子 | 10 – 15 | |
| Huang Qin (Jiu) | Radix Scutellariae | 酒黄芩 | 3 – 10 | |
| Huo Ma Ren | Fructus Cannabis | 火麻仁 | 10 – 15 | |
| Huo Xiang (Guang) | Herba Pogostemonis | 广藿香 | 5 – 10 | |
| Ji Guan Hua | Celosia | 鸡冠花 | 6 – 12 | |
| Ji Xue Teng | Caulis Spatholobi | 鸡血藤 | 10 – 15 | |
| Jian Qu | Medicated Leaven | 建曲 | 6 – 15 | Shen Qu |
| Jiang Huang | Rhizoma Curcumae Longae | 姜黄 | 3 – 10 | |
| Jiao Gu Lan | Herba Gynostemmatis | 绞股蓝 | 5 – 12 | |
| Jie Zi (Chao) | fried mustard seeds | 炒芥子 | 3 – 10 | Bai Jie Zi |
| Jie Geng | Radix Platycodonis | 桔梗 | 3 – 9 | |
| Jin Qian Cao | Herba Lysimachiae | 金钱草 | 15 – 30 | |
| Jin Yin Hua | Flos Lonicerae Japonicae | 金银花 | 10 – 20 | |
| Jin Ying Zi | Fructus Rosae Laevigatae | 金樱子 | 6 – 18 | |
| Jing Jie | Herba Schizonepetae | 荆芥 | 5 – 10 | |
| Jing Jie Sui | Spica Schizonepetae | 荆芥穗 | 5 – 10 | |
| Jiu Cai Zi | Semen Allii Tuberosi | 韭菜子 | 5 – 15 | |
| Ju Hong | Exocarpium Citri Rubrum | 橘红 | 3 – 9 | |
| Ju Hua | Flos Chrysanthemi | 菊花 | 10 – 15 | |
| Ju Luo | Retinervus Citri Fructus | 橘络 | 3 – 9 | |
| Juan Bai | Herba Selaginellae | 卷柏（卷柏） | 3 – 12 | |
| Jue Ming Zi (Chao) | Semen Cassiae Tosum | 炒决明子（钝叶决明） | 10 – 15 | |
| Ku Ding (Cha) | Kudingcha | 苦丁茶 | 3 – 9 | |
| Ku Lian Pi | Cortex Meliae Radicis | 苦楝皮 | 6 – 15 | |
| Ku Shen | Radix Sophorae Flavescentis | 苦参 | 3 – 10 | |
| Ku Xing Ren (Chao) | Semen Armeniacae Amarum | 苦杏仁（西伯利亚杏） | 3 – 10 | Xing Ren |
| Kun Bu | Thallus Algae | 昆布 | 10 – 15 | |
| Lai Fu Zi (Chao) | Semen Raphani Tosum | 炒莱菔子 | 6 – 10 | |
| Li Zhi He | Semen Litchi | 荔枝核 | 10 – 15 | |
| Lian Fang | Receptaculum Nelumbinis | 莲房 | 4.5 – 9 | |
| Lian Qiao | Fructus Forsythiae | 连翘（青翘） | 6 – 15 | |
| Lian Zi Rou | Nelumbinis Semen | 莲子 | 6 – 15 | Lian Zi |
| Lian Zi Xin | Plumula Nelumbinis | 莲子心 | 1.5 – 3 | |
| Ling Xiao Hua | Flos Campsitis | 凌霄花 | 3 – 9 | |
| Ling Zhi | Ganoderma | 灵芝（赤芝） | 3 – 15 | |
| Liu Ji Nu | Herba Artemisiae Anomalae | 北刘寄奴 | 3 – 10 | |
| Liu Shen Qu | Massa Medicata Fermentata | 六神曲 | 6 – 15 | Shen Qu |
| Long Dan Cao | Radix Et Rhizoma Gentianae | 龙胆（龙胆） | 3 – 8 | |
| Long Yan Rou | Arillus Longan | 龙眼肉 | 10 – 15 | |
| Lu Gen | Rhizoma Phragmitis | 芦根 | 10 – 30 | |
| Lu Hui | Aloe | 芦荟 | 0.6 – 1.5 | |
| Lu Lu Tong | Fructus Liquidambaris | 路路通 | 3 – 9 | |
| Luo Bu Ma Ye | Folium Apocyni Veneti | 罗布麻叶 | 3 – 15 | |
| Luo Shi Teng | Caulis Trachelospermi | 络石藤 | 6 – 15 | |
| Ma Chi Xian | Herba Portulacae | 马齿苋 | 9 – 15 | |
| Mai Dong | Radix Ophiopogonis | 麦冬 | 10 – 15 | |
| Mai Ya (Jiao) | Fructus Hordei Germinatus Prep. | 焦麦芽 | 10 – 15 | |
| Mai Ya (Sheng) | Fructus Hordei Germinatus | 生麦芽 | 10 – 15 | |
| Man Jing Zi (Tan) | Vitex Fructus | 蔓荆子（炭） | 6 – 12 | |
| Mei Gui Hua | Flos Rosae Rugosae | 玫瑰花 | 1.5 – 6 | |
| Mo Yao (Zhi) | Myrrha | 炙没药 | 3 – 10 | |
| Mu Dan Pi | Cortex Moutan | 牡丹皮 | 6 – 12 | |
| Mu Gua | Fructus Chaenomelis | 木瓜 | 6 – 12 | |
| Mu Hu Die | Semen Oroxyli | 木蝴蝶 | 3 – 6 | Gu Zhi Hua |
| Mu Xiang (Chuan) | Radix Vladimiriae | 川木香（川木香） | 3 – 10 | |
| Nan Sha Shen | Radix Adenophorae | 南沙参 | 10 – 15 | |
| Niu Bang Zi (Chao) | Fructus Arctii Tostus | 炒牛蒡子 | 3 – 10 | |
| Niu Xi (Huai) | Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae | 牛膝 | 10 – 15 | |
| Nu Zhen Zi (Jiu) | Fructus Ligustri Lucidi | 酒女贞子 | 10 – 15 | |
| Ou Jie | Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis | 藕节 | 9 – 15 | |
| Pao Jiang | Rhizoma Zingiberis Prep. | 炮姜 | 3 – 10 | |
| Pi Pa Ye (Mi) | Folium Eriobotryae Prep. | 蜜枇杷叶 | 10 – 15 | |
| Pian Jiang Huang | Rhizoma Wenyujin Concisum | 片姜黄 | 3 – 10 | |
| Pu Gong Ying | Herba Taraxaci | 蒲公英（碱地蒲公英） | 10 – 30 | |
| Pu Huang (Sheng) | Pollen Typhae Recens | 蒲黄（水烛香蒲） | 3 – 10 | |
| Pu Huang Tan | Pollen Typhae Carbonisata | 蒲黄炭 | 3 – 10 | |
| Qian Cao | Radix Et Rhizoma Rubiae | 茜草 | 10 – 15 | |
| Qian Hu | Radix Peucedani | 前胡 | 6 – 10 | |
| Qian Niu Zi | Semen Pharbitidis | 牵牛子 | 3 – 10 | |
| Qian Shi (Fu Chao) | Semen Euryales Tostum | 麸炒芡实 | 10 – 15 | |
| Qiang Huo | Rhizoma Et Radix Notopterygii | 羌活（羌活） | 3 – 10 | |
| Qin PI | Cortex Fraxini | 秦皮（尖叶白蜡树） | 6 – 12 | |
| Qin Jiao | Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae | 秦艽（粗茎秦艽） | 5 – 10 | |
| Qing Dai | Indigo Naturalis | 青黛 | 1.5 – 3 | |
| Qing Feng Teng | Caulis Sinomenii | 青风藤（青藤） | 6 – 12 | |
| Qing Hao | Herba Artemisiae Annuae | 青蒿 | 3 – 10 | |
| Qing Pi | Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride | 青皮（四花青皮） | 3 – 10 | |
| Qing Xiang Zi | Semen Celosiae | 青葙子 | 6 – 15 | |
| Qu Mai | Herba Dianthi | 瞿麦（石竹） | 5 – 10 | |
| Ren Dong Teng | Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae | 忍冬藤 | 10 – 30 | |
| Ren Shen | Radix Et Rhizoma Ginseng | 人参 | 5 – 10 | |
| Rou Cong Rong | Herba Cistanches | 肉苁蓉 | 10 – 15 | |
| Rou Dou Kou (Wei) | Semen Myristicae | 煨肉豆蔻 | 3 – 10 | |
| Rou Gui | Cortex Cinnamomi | 肉桂 | 2 – 5 | |
| Ru Xiang (Zhi) | Olibanum | 炙乳香 | 3 – 10 | |
| San Leng (Cu) | Rhizoma Sparganii | 醋三棱 | 3 – 10 | |
| San Qi | Radix Et Rhizoma Notoginseng | 三七 | 3 – 10 | |
| Sang Bai Pi | Cortex Mori | 桑白皮 | 10 – 15 | |
| Sang Ji Sheng | Herba Taxilli | 桑寄生 | 10 – 15 | |
| Sang Shen | Fructus Mori | 桑椹 | 10 – 15 | |
| Sang Ye | Folium Mori | 桑叶 | 5 – 10 | |
| Sang Zhi | Ramulus Mori | 桑枝 | 10 – 30 | |
| Sha Ren | Fructus Amomi | 砂仁（阳春砂） | 3 – 6 | |
| Sha Yuan Zi (Yan) | Semen Astragali Complanati | 盐沙苑子 | 10 – 20 | |
| Shan Dou Gen | Radix Et Rhizoma Sophorae Tonkinensis | 山豆根 | 6 – 10 | |
| Shan Yao | Rhizoma Dioscoreae | 山药 | 10 – 15 | |
| Shan Zha (Jiao) | Fructus Crataegi Prep. | 焦山楂（山里红） | 10 – 15 | |
| Shan Zha (Sheng) | Fructus Crataegi | 山楂（山里红） | 10 – 15 | |
| Shan Zhu Yu (Jiu) | Fructus Corni | 酒萸肉 | 6 – 12 | |
| She Chuang Zi | Cnidium monnieri | 蛇床子 | 3 – 9 | |
| She Gan | Rhizoma Belamcandae | 射干 | 6 – 10 | |
| Shen Jin Cao | Herba Lycopodii | 伸筋草 | 6 – 15 | |
| Shen Qu (Jiao) | Medicated Leaven(scorch-fried) | 焦神曲 | 6 – 15 | |
| Sheng Di Huang | Radix Rehmanniae | 生地黄 | 10 – 30 | |
| Sheng Jiang | Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens | 生姜 | 3 – 10 | |
| Sheng Ma | Rhizoma Cimicifugae | 升麻（大三叶升麻） | 3 – 10 | |
| Shi Chang Pu | Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii | 石菖蒲 | 5 – 10 | |
| Shi Jian Chuan | Herba Salviae Chinensis | 石见穿 | 6 – 15 | |
| Shi Wei | Folium Pyrrosiae | 石韦（有柄石韦） | 5 – 10 | |
| Si Tu Si | Semen Cuscutae | 盐菟丝子（南方菟丝子） | 10 – 15 | Tu Si Zi |
| Shou Wu Teng | Caulis Polygoni Multiflori | 首乌藤 | 15 – 30 | Ye Jiao Teng |
| Shu Di Huang | Radix Rehmanniae Prep. | 熟地黄 | 10 – 30 | |
| Si Gua Luo | Fructus Luffae Retinervus | 丝瓜络 | 10 – 15 | |
| Su Mu | Lignum Sappan | 苏木 | 3 – 10 | |
| Suan Zao Ren | Semen Ziziphi Spinosae | 酸枣仁 | 10 – 18 | |
| Suan Zao Ren (Chao) | Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Tosum | 炒酸枣仁 | 10 – 18 | |
| Suo Yang | Herba Cynomorii | 锁阳 | 10 – 15 | |
| Tai Zi Shen | Radix Pseudostellariae | 太子参 | 10 – 30 | |
| Tao Ren | Semen Persicae | 桃仁（桃） | 6 – 10 | |
| Tian Dong | Radix Asparagi | 天冬 | 6 – 15 | |
| Tian Hua Fen | Radix Trichosanthis | 天花粉（栝楼） | 10 – 15 | |
| Tian Zhu Huang | Concretio Bambusae Silicea | 天竺黄 | 3 – 6 | |
| Ting Li Zi | Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae | 葶苈子（播娘蒿） | 3 – 10 | |
| Tong Cao | Medulla Tetrapanacis | 通草 | 2 – 5 | |
| Tou Gu Cao | Herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae | 透骨草 | 10 – 20 | |
| Tu Fu Ling | Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae | 土茯苓 | 15 – 60 | |
| Tu Jing Pi | Tianzhu Yellow | 土荆皮 | EXTERNAL | |
| Tu Si Zi (Yan) | Semen Cuscutae | 盐菟丝子（南方菟丝子） | 10 – 15 | Si Tu Si |
| Wang Bu Liu Xiang (Chao) | Semen Vaccariae | 炒王不留行 | 6 – 10 | |
| Wei Ling Xian | Radix Et Rhizoma Clematidis | 威灵仙 | 5 – 10 | |
| Wu Jia Pi | Cortex Acanthopanacis | 五加皮 | 5 – 10 | |
| Wu Mei | Fructus Mume | 乌梅 | 10 – 30 | |
| Wu Wei Zi | Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis | 五味子 | 2 – 6 | |
| Wu Wei Zi (Cu) | Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis prep. cum Aceto | 醋五味子 | 2 – 6 | |
| Wu Yao | Radix Linderae | 乌药 | 3 – 10 | |
| Wu Zhu Yu (Zhi) | Fructus Evodiae | 制吴茱萸（吴茱萸） | 1.5 – 5 | |
| Xi Xian Cao | Herba Agrimoniae | 仙鹤草 | 10 – 15 | |
| Xia Ku Cao | Spica Prunellae | 夏枯草 | 10 – 15 | |
| Xian He Cao | Herba Agrimoniae | 仙鹤草 | 10 – 15 | |
| Xian Mao | Rhizoma Curculiginis | 仙茅 | 3 – 10 | |
| Xiang Fu | Rhizoma Cyperi | 香附 | 6 – 12 | |
| Xiang Fu (Cu) | Rhizoma Cyperi | 醋香附 | 6 – 12 | |
| Xiang Jia Pi | Cortex Acanthopanacis | 香加皮 | 3 – 6 | |
| Xiang Ru | Herba Moslae | 香薷 | 3 – 10 | |
| Xiang Yuan | Fructus Citri Medicae seu Wilsonii | 香橼（香圆） | 3 – 10 | |
| Xiao Hui Xiang (Yan) | Fructus Foeniculi | 小茴香 | 3 – 8 | |
| Xiao Ji | Herba Cirsii | 小蓟 | 10 – 30 | |
| Xie Bai | Bulbus Allii Macrostemonis | 薤白（小根蒜） | 5 – 10 | |
| Xin Yi | Flos Magnoliae | 辛夷 | 3 – 10 | Yin Yi Hua |
| Xu Chang Qing | Radix Et Rhizoma Cynanchi Paniculati | 徐长卿 | 3 – 10 | |
| Xu Duan | Radix Dipsaci | 续断 | 10 – 20 | |
| Xuan Fu Hua | Flos Inulae | 旋覆花（旋覆花） | 3 – 10 | |
| Xuan Shen | Radix Scrophulariae | 玄参 | 10 – 15 | |
| Xue Jie | Sanguis Draconis | 血竭 | 1 – 1.5 | |
| Yan Hu Suo | Rhizoma Corydalis | 延胡索 | 3 – 10 | |
| Yan Hu Suo (Cu) | Rhizoma Corydalis Praeparatum cum Vino | 醋延胡索 | 3 – 10 | |
| Yan Yi Zhi Ren | Salt Yizhi Kernel | 盐益智仁 | 3 – 10 | Yi Zhi Ren |
| Ye Jiao Teng | Caulis Polygoni Multiflori | 夜交藤 | 15 – 30 | |
| Ye Ju Hua | Flos Chrysanthemi Indici | 野菊花 | 10 – 15 | |
| Yi Mu Cao | Herba Leonuri | 益母草 | 10 – 15 | |
| Yi Yi Ren (Fu Chao) | Semen Coicis | 麸炒薏苡仁 | 10 – 30 | |
| Yi Yi Ren (Sheng) | Semen Coicis | 生薏苡仁 | 10 – 30 | |
| Yin Chai Hu | Radix Stellariae | 银柴胡 | 3 – 10 | |
| Yin Chen Hao | Herba Artemisiae Scopariae | 茵陈 | 10 – 30 | |
| Yin Yang Huo (Zhi) | Epimedii Folium | 炙淫羊藿（淫羊藿） | 10 – 15 | |
| Yu Jin | Radix Curcumae | 郁金（广西莪术） | 6 -12 | |
| Yu Li Ren | Semen Pruni | 郁李仁 | 5 – 10 | |
| Yu Mi Xu | Stigma Maydis | 玉米须 | 15 – 30 | |
| Yu Xing Cao | Herba Houttuyniae | 鱼腥草 | 15 – 30 | |
| Yu Zhu | Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati | 玉竹 | 10 – 15 | |
| Yuan Zhi (Zhi) | Radix Polygalae | 制远志（远志） | 3 – 9 | |
| Zao Jiao Ci | Spina Gleditsiae | 皂角刺 | 3 – 10 | |
| Ze Lan | Herba Lycopi | 泽兰 | 10 – 15 | |
| Ze Xie | Rhizoma Alismatis | 泽泻（泽泻） | 5 – 10 | |
| Zhe Bei Mu | Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii | 浙贝母 | 3 – 10 | |
| Zhi Bai Fu Zi | Rhizoma Typhonii Preparatum | 制白附子 | 3 – 5 | |
| Zhi Mu | Rhizoma Anemarrhenae | 知母 | 3 – 10 | |
| Zhi Ke | Fructus Aurantii | 麸炒枳壳 | 3 – 10 | Zhi Qiao |
| Zhi Qiao (Fu Chao) | Fructus Aurantii | 麸炒枳壳 | 3 – 10 | Zhi Ke |
| Zhi Shi (Fu Chao) | Fructus Aurantii Immaturus | 麸炒枳实（酸橙） | 3 – 10 | |
| Zhi Zi (Chao) | Fructus Gardeniae Tosum | 炒栀子 | 3 – 10 | |
| Zhong Jie Feng | Herba Sarcandrae | 肿节风 | 9 – 15 | |
| Zhu Ling | Polyporus | 猪苓 | 5 – 10 | |
| Zhu Ma Gen | Radix et Rhizoma Boehmeriae | 苎麻根 | 9 – 30 | |
| Zhu Ru | Caulis Bambusae In Taenia | 竹茹（青秆竹） | 6 – 10 | |
| Zi Cao | Radix Arnebiae | 紫草 | 3 – 10 | Zi Cao Gen |
| Zi Hua Di Ding | Herba Violae | 紫花地丁 | 10 – 20 | |
| Zi Su Geng | Caulis Perillae | 紫苏梗 | 5 – 10 | |
| Zi Su Ye | Folium Perillae | 紫苏叶 | 5 – 10 | |
| Zi Su Zi (Chao) | Fructus Perillae Tostus | 炒紫苏子 | 5 – 10 | |
| Zi Wan (Mi) | Radix Et Rhizoma Asteris Praeparata | 蜜紫菀 | 5 – 10 | |
| Zong Lu Tan | palm charcoal | 棕榈炭 | 3 – 10 | |
| Zhi Tian Nan Xing | Petiolus Trachycarpi | 制天南星 | 5 – 10 | |
| Zhi Chuan Wu | Radix Aconiti Prep. | 制川乌 | 3 – 10 | |
| Shan Ci Gu | Pseudobulbus Cremastrae/Pleiones | 山慈菇 | 3 – 6 | |
| Long Kui | Herba Solani Nigri | 龙葵 | 15 – 30 | |
| Lu Xian Cao | Herba Pyrolae | 鹿衔草 | 10 – 30 | Lu Han Cao |
| Original Herb | Substitution |
|---|---|
| Bai Hua Shi | Hai Tong Pi |
| Bai Ji | Zi Zhu Cao |
| Bie Jie | Shu di + Sheng di + Mu Dan Pi or Sheng di + Qing Hao |
| Bing Lang | Zhi Shi + Yu Li Ren in general Hou Po + Zhi Shi to transform Phlegm and promote digestion Fei Zi + Zhi Shi for parasites |
| Bing Pian | Shi Chuang Pu + Yuan Zhi |
| Can Sha | Cang Er Zi + Fang Feng |
| Cang Er Cao | Niu Bang Zi for Wind-Heat toxins Mang Jing Zi for Wind-Damp in channels |
| Chan Tui | Gou Teng + Jing Jie / Sang Ye (+mung bean sprout & green tea) or Bo He |
| Chen Xiang | Hou Po + Wu Yao for Cold Hou Po + Jiang Xiang for Blood stasis Hou Po + Bu Gu Zhi for Lung Qi |
| Chi Shi Zhi | He Zi + Jin Guan Hua generally Pu Huang to stop bleeding He Zi to treat diarrhoea Yi Yi Ren for wound healing and lung abscesses |
| Chuan Shan Jia | Mu Dan Pi |
| Ci Shi | Gong Lao Ye + Hu Po |
| Da Fu Pi | Zhi Shi + Yu Li Ren |
| Da Ji (Euphorbia knox) | Ting Li Zi |
| Dai Zhe Shi | Xia Ku Cao + Zhu Ru |
| Dan Nan Xing | Zao Jiao Ci or Tian Zhu Huang |
| Di Long | Gou Teng + Xi Xian Cao Gou Teng + Ji Xue Teng (esp. for asthma) |
| E Guan Shi | Hu Tao Ren + Zi Wan |
| E Jiao | Gou Qi Zi + Han Lian Cao, or Dang Gui + Shu di + pork skin, or marine collagen |
| Feng Mi | Da Zao |
| Fu Hai Shi | Hai Zao + Zhu Ru |
| Fu Long Gan | Pao Jiang |
| Fu Zi | Gan Jiang + Rou Gui for Yang collapse Xian Mao + Gui Zhi for Cold in channels Or Wu Yao + Xie Bai for chest Bi (breaks Cold * spreads Yang) Chaun Xiong can be added for pain + |
| Gan Qi | E Zhu + San Leng |
| Ge Jie | Hu Tao Ren + Bu Gu Zhi |
| Guan Mu Tong | Huang Lian + Zhi Zi to clear Heart Fire Qu Mai + Xiao Ji for UTIs |
| Gui Ban | Han Lian Cao + Nu Zhen Zi, or Shu di + Shan Zhu Yu + seafood, egg & bone broth |
| Gui Ban Jiao | Shu di + Sheng di |
| Gou Ji | Gen Sui Bu |
| Hai Ge Ke | Zhu Ru + Hai Zao |
| Hai Gou Shen | Ba Ji Tian + Yin Yang Huo |
| Hai Long | Rou Cong Rong + Ban Xia |
| Hai Ma | Rou Cong Rong + Xu Duan |
| Hai Piao Xiao | Wu Bei Zi + Qian Shi or Ce Bai Ye |
| Han Fang Ji | Yi Yi Ren + Hai Tong Pi |
| Hou Po | Zi Su Geng + Mu Xiang to regulate Qi and reduce distension Cang Zhu, Zhi Shi + Ban Xia to direct Qi downwards and reduce Dampness and Food stagnation |
| Hou Zao | Tian Zhu Huang |
| Hu Gu | Wu Jia Pi |
| Hu Po | Fu Shen + Pu Huang + Qu Mai |
| Hua Rui Shi | Ou Jie + Pu Huang |
| Hua Shi | Chi Fu Ling + Ze Xie generally Xiao Ji to increase urination and clear Heat Bai Mao Gen for difficult urination Qu Mai for blood in the urine |
| Ji Nei Jing | Shan Yao + Mai Ya |
| Jiang Can | Tian Ma + Tian Zhu Huang |
| Ling Yang Jiao | Gou Teng + Mu Dan Pi |
| Long Chi | Hu Po + Gou Teng |
| Long Gu | Bai Shao + Wu Wei Zi generally Bai Zi Ren + Lian Zi to calm the mind Gan Cao + Lian Zi to stop sweating |
| Lu Gan Shi | Gu Jin Cao |
| Lu Jiao | Rou Cong Rong + Xu Duan |
| Lu Jiao Jiao | Rou Cong Rong + Xu Duan, or Ba Ji Tian + Rou Gui + venison |
| Lu Jiao Shuang | Suo Yang + Xu Duan |
| Lu Rong | Rou Cong Rong + Xu Duan |
| Ma Huang | Xing Ren + Bai Qian + Su Zi to descend Lu-Qi and stop wheezing Gui Zhi + Qiang Huo or Xiang Ru to release the Ext W-C (only when not sweating) |
| Mang Xiao | Zhi Mu + Xuan Shen to clear accumulation from Heat in the bowels |
| Meng Chong | Mu Dan Pi + Chi Shao |
| Meng Shi | Xia Ku Cao + Tian Zhu Huang |
| Mu Fang Ji | Qing Feng Teng + Luo Shi Teng |
| Mu Li | Xuan Shen + Bai Shao Yao + Wu Wei Zi generally Suan Zao Ren + Jue Ming Zi for insomnia & anxiety Zhi Mu + Bai Shao + Shan Zhu Yu for night sweats Xuan Shen to soften hardness |
| Mu Tong | Qu Mai |
| Niu Huang | Huang Lian + Gou Teng +Tian Zhu Huang |
| Qing Mu Xiang | Jiu Bi Geng or Chuan Lian Zi (or Qing Pi + Zhi Zi) |
| Quan Xie | Gou Teng + Bai shao + Zhi Gan Cao or Gou Teng + Tian Zhu Huang |
| Sang Piao Xiao | Tu Si Zi + Qian Shi for Jing Shan Zhu Yu for urine |
| She Tui | Hai Tong Pi + Ju Hua |
| She Xiang | Shi Chang Pu + Ru Xiang |
| Sheng Qi Shi | Yu Jin + He Huan Pi |
| Shi Gao | Lian Po Yin (Huang Lian, Hou Po, Zhi Zi (Chao), Shi Chang Pu, Dan Dou Chi, Ban Xia (Fa), Lu Gen) generally Zhi Mu + Sang Ye to clear Lung Heat Zhi Mu + Sheng Ma to clear Stomach Heat |
| Shi Hu | Sheng di + Shu di or Xuan Shen |
| Shi Jue Ming | Xia Ku Cao in general Gou Teng + Bai Ji Li for Liver Wind Bai Shao + Bai Ji Li for visual impairment Huang Qin + Xia Ku Cao to clear Lung Heat with sticky phlegm |
| Shiu Niu Jiao | Xuan Shen + Huang Lian (3:1 ratio) |
| Shui Zhi | San Leng + E Zhu |
| Su He Xiang | Shi Chang Pu + Yuan Zhi |
| Tian Ma | Gou Teng + Man Jing Zi + Ju Hua or Bai Ji Li for Liver Wind Xia Ku Cao for Wind-Phlegm |
| Tian Nan Xing | Ban Xia + Bai Zhi |
| Tu Bie Chong | E Zhu + Ru Xiang |
| Wa Leng Zi | Kun Bu + E Zhu |
| Wei Ling Xiang | Hai Feng Teng |
| Wu Bei Zi | Wu Wei Zi (Lungs) Wu Mei (Colon) Shan Zhu Yu (Leakage) |
| Wu Gong | Tian Ma + Bai Fu Zi / Tian Nan Xian or Gou Teng + Bai Shao + Zhi Gan Cao |
| Wu Ling Zhi | Yan Huo Suo + Lian Fang, or Ji Xue Teng + Pu Huang to stop bleeding and move Blood |
| Wu Shao She | Hai Tong Pi |
| Xi Xin | Wu Yao/Gui Zhi + Qiang Huo for Cold in the Bl channel Bai Zhi + Chuan Xiong/Gao Ben for headache Zi Su Ye + Bai Qian for the Lungs Bai Zhi + Cong Bai for the sinuses |
| Xiong Dan | Gou Teng + Xia Ku Cao |
| Xue Yu Tan | Ce Bai Ye + Bai Mao Gen |
| Yang Qi Shi | Ba Ji Tian |
| Ying Su Ke | Wu Wei Zi (Lungs) Wu Mei (Colon) |
| Yu Lian Shi | Wu Wei Zi |
| Zhen Zhu Mu | Gou Teng + Xia Ku Cao |
| Zhen Zhu | Hu Po + Fu Shen |
| Zhi Shi Ying | Yuan Zhi + Fu Shen |
| Zhu Sha | Ren Shen + Huang Lian or Hu Po |
| Zi He Che | He Shou Wu |
| Zi Ran Tong | Xu Duan |
| Zi Zhu Cao | He Shou Wu |
Guide to Herbs that have processing (Pao Zhi)
| Herb Name | Latin Name | Processing Information |
|---|---|---|
| Bai Ji Li | Fructus Tribuli | Acrid, bitter and dispersing, more appropriate for Wind-Heat itching and eye problems |
| Bai Ji Li (Chao) | Fructus Tribuli Tosum | Dry frying reduces it’s acrid-dispersing properties, enhances it’s ability to calm and soothe the Liver, anchor the Yang, and release constriant. Appropriate for Liver Yang headaches and dizziness and hypochondrium/chest pain. |
| Bai Shao | Radix Paeoniae Alba | Bitter, sour and cool; the sourness inhibits the Yin and enhances drainage of the Liver, while the bitterness encourages dispersal, while also cooling and nourishing the Blood. |
| Bai Shao (Jiu) | Radix Paeoniae Alba | Wine-frying moderates its cool nature and bitter flavour, providing a mild ability to move the blood. Used when Blood deficiency and Blood stasis or blood deficiency and Cold which slows the movement of Blood. |
| Bai Zhu (Sheng) | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae | Bitter, sweet and warm; the bitterness drying Dampness, the sweetness tonifying the Spleen |
| Bai Zhu (Fu Chao) | Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae | Dry-frying strengthens the Stomach and Spleen transformative and transporting functions, for constipation, spontaneous sweating and restless foetus. |
| Ban Xia (Fa) | Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparatum | Acrid, warm (toxic) and slippery it enters the Stomach and Spleen channels, is extremely dispersing and drying and directs rebellious Qi downwards. This is the standard method of preparation, is less fiercely drying and can be used for both deficiency Cold and Damp-Heat. |
| Ban Xia (Jiang) | Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum | Prepared with ginger, it becomes warm and drying, with the ability to dry Dampness, transform Phlegm, direct Qi downwards and alleviate nausea. Best used for thin phlegm due to Spleen deficiency or Phlegm-Cold. |
| Ban Xia (Qing) | Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Alumine | Soaked and processed with alum to greatly reduce it’s acrid, drying properties. This is most appropriate for weak patients with copious Phlegm and relatively mild Cold and Dampness. |
| Cang Zhu | Rhizoma Atractylodis | Acrid, bitter, warm and drying, aromatically dredging and dispersing, it dries Spleen and Stomach Dampness, strengthens and harmonises the middle Jiao while venting and releasing the Exterior, inducing sweating and dispersing Wind-Cold. |
| Cang Zhu (Fu Chao) | Rhizoma Atractylodis | Dry-frying reduces the acrid-dispersing properties but increase the harmonising and Damp transforming actions. |
| Chuan Lian Zi | Fructus Toosendan | Bitter, cold and slightly toxic it cools Heat, regulates and directs Qi downward, kills parasites and guides Damp-Heat from the body via the urine. Excellent for resolving Qi constraint in the chest and abdomen to stop pain. |
| Chuan Lian Zi (Chao) | Fructus Toosendan Tosum | Dry-frying reduces the bitter and cold properties and aids its digestion. |
| Da Huang | Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei | Bitter, cold and with a strong downward directing action it strongly mobilises and enters the lower Jiao, clearing obstructions from the colon (and blood stasis) and clears excess Heat from the terminal Yin and Blood levels. |
| Da Huang (Jiu) | Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei | Wine-washed which moderates the purgative effect and enhances its ability to direct Fire in the upper body downward. Often used for Colon Heat toxin that causes red eyes, mouth ulcers, toothache and restless heat in the chest. |
| Da Huang（Hou Xia) | Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei | This form is least processed and has the strongest purgative effect. |
| Di Yu (Sheng) | Radix Sanguisorbae Recens | Bitter, sour and slightly cold it enters the Liver, Stomach and Colon, its bitterness directing downwards, sourness astringing bleeding and coldness cooling heat. |
| Di Yu (Tan) | Radix Sanguisorbae Carbonisata | The Tan process reduces its cold nature and greatly increases its restraining properties, making it stronger at stopping bleeding from any cause. |
| Du Zhong (Sheng) | Cortex Eucommiae | Sweet, slightly acrid and warm, it enters the Qi level of the Liver and Kidneys to restore resilience to bones and sinews. |
| Du Zhong (Yan) | Cortex Eucommiae | Scorching after soaking in salty water directs the herb’s actions to the Kidney channel and enhances its tonic properties, with a stronger anti-gypertensive effect. |
| Gan Cao (Sheng) | Radix Et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae | Sweet and neutral it drains Fire and resolves toxicity with its sweetness as well as tonifying the Spleen, moistening the Lungs and stopping coughs. |
| Gan Cao (Zhi) | Radix Et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae Prep. | Sweet and warm it tonifies the Qi of the Spleen and Heart and enhances its ability to harmonise the properties of other herbs. |
| He Shou Wu (Sheng) | Radix Polygoni Multiflori | Bitter, sweet, astringent and neutral; it moistens the Intestines (especially for Blood deficiency constipation), resolves toxicity, reduces sores and checks malarial disorders. It does NOT tonify! |
| He Shou Wu (Zhi) | Polygoni Multiflori Radix Prep. | Bitter, sweet, astringent and slightly warm; it nourishes the Blood and Yin and augments the Jing. |
| Huai Hua (Sheng) | Flos Sophorae Recens | Bitter and cool, it enters the Liver and Colon channels and is very effective at clearing Heat from the Liver and Colon and cooling Blood. It’s a major herb for bleeding in the Intestines and for haemorrhoids, also for nosebleeds and irregular menstrual bleeding. |
| Huai Hua (Chao) | Flos Sophorae Tosum | Dry-frying reduces the bitter-coldness but increases entry to the Blood aspect and enhances the stop-bleeding action, especially useful when there is Spleen and Stomach deficiency. |
| Huang Qi (Sheng) | Radix Astragali | Sweet, slightly warm; tonifies the Lungs and Spleen Qi, raises Yang Qi to reach the muscle layer and Exterior, stabilises the protective Qi to stop sweating, facilitates urination, promotes the discharge of pus and generates flesh |
| Huang Qi (Zhi) | Radix Astragali Prep. | Dry-frying with honey increases its action of tonifying of the middle Jiao and raising clear yang. It’s also more moist and more suited for Blood deficiency or dryness of the Spleen. |
| Huang Qin | Radix Scutellariae | Bitter and cold it dries Dampness and clears Heat, specifically of the Lungs (and Colon). It stops bleeding from Internal Heat and is often used for irritability in febrile illnesses. |
| Huang Qin (Jiu) | Radix Scutellariae | Wine-frying helps the herb’s actions ascend and eliminate Damp-Heat from the upper Jiao. |
| Mai Ya (Sheng) | Fructus Hordei Germinatus | Sweet and neutral, ir raises and stimulates Stomach Qi to digest food stagnation (especially starches), softens hardness, smoothes the Liver Qi and improves the appetite. |
| Mai Ya (Jiao) | Fructus Hordei Germinatus Prep. | Wine-frying helps the moving aspects of the herb’s actions to eliminate hardness and for painful, lumpy breasts. |
| Pu Huang (Sheng) | Pollen Typhae Recens | Sweet, acrid and neutral it enters the Blood aspect of the Heart, Liver and Spleen channels to harmoniously remove Blood stasis and stop bleeding. Widely used for bleeding in the urine or from the nose, mouth, intestines or uterus. |
| Pu Huang Tan | Pollen Typhae Carbonisata | The charring process greatly increases its astringent properties, making it stronger at stopping bleeding from any cause. |
| Shan Zha (Sheng) | Fructus Crataegi | Sour, sweet and slightly warm, it awakens the Spleen, unbinds the Stomach, promotes appetite and aids digestion (esp. of meat & greasy foods). |
| Shan Zha (Jiao) | Fructus Crataegi Prep. | The preparation enhances the herb’s ability to reduce food stagnation, guide out obstruction and stop diarrhoea; often when overeating obstructs the Earth organs. |
| Suan Zao Ren | Semen Ziziphi Spinosae | Sweet, sour and neutral, it tonifies the Blood while restraining the nutritive Yin to stop sweating. Calms the Spirit and promotes sleep. |
| Suan Zao Ren (Chao) | Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Tosum | Dry-frying makes the herb warm, enhancing the ability to nourish the Heart and restrain the Liver and is more effective for insomnia. |
| Wu Wei Zi | Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis | Sour, sweet and warm, it constrains Lung Qi, grasps the Qi, enriches the Kidneys and Liver, quiets the Spirit and stops diarrhoea |
| Wu Wei Zi (Cu) | Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis prep. cum Aceto | Vinegar frying increases its ability to enrich the Kidneys, and restrain leakage of Qi, sperm or stools. |
| Xiang Fu | Rhizoma Cyperi | Acrid, slightly bitter, slightly sweet and neutral; it disperses blocked Qi, directs rebellious Qi downwards and is able to ‘move the Qi in Blood’ |
| Xiang Fu (Cu) | Rhizoma Cyperi | Vinegar frying greatly increases its ability to regulate pain due to Qi stagnation. |
| Yan Hu Suo | Rhizoma Corydalis | Acrid, bitter and warm it promotes the flow of Qi, enters the Blood level and the bitterness drains stasis and the acridity disperses stagnation to effectively stop pain. |
| Yan Hu Suo (Cu) | Rhizoma Corydalis Praeparatum cum Vino | Vinegar frying almost doubles the alkaloid content and greatly increases its ability to regulate menstruation and stop pain. |
| Yi Yi Ren (Sheng) | Semen Coicis | Sweet, bland and slightly cold it enters the Lung, Spleen, Stomach and Kidney channels, leaching out Dampness, strengthening the Spleen and eliminates Dampness from the flesh, sinews and bones. |
| Yi Yi Ren (Fu Chao) | Semen Coicis | Dry-frying reduces the cold nature and enhances the ability to strengthen the Spleen and harmonise the middle Jiao. |
Sources: Ken Lloyd & Prof. Leung (of Mayway UK, 2004) and Yifan Yang lecture notes, 2022